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Related Experiment Videos

Arms races between and within species.

R Dawkins, J R Krebs

    Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
    |September 21, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary

    Evolutionary arms races occur when adaptations in one species drive counter-adaptations in another, potentially leading to escalation. This concept helps explain diverse evolutionary phenomena, from host-parasite interactions to sexual selection.

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    Area of Science:

    • Evolutionary Biology
    • Coevolutionary Dynamics
    • Ecological Interactions

    Background:

    • Reciprocal adaptations between interacting lineages can lead to escalating evolutionary 'arms races'.
    • Factors influencing the outcome of these arms races, such as differing selection pressures (life-dinner principle), are crucial.
    • Understanding these dynamics is key to explaining various evolutionary patterns.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the concept of evolutionary arms races and their underlying mechanisms.
    • To classify arms races based on symmetry (symmetric/asymmetric) and participants (interspecific/intraspecific).
    • To examine how arms races can resolve and their implications for evolutionary theory.

    Main Methods:

    • Conceptual analysis and classification of evolutionary arms races.
    • Use of diverse examples, including predator-prey, brood parasitism, and sexual selection.
    • Discussion of factors influencing arms race dynamics and potential outcomes.

    Main Results:

    • Arms races can be symmetric or asymmetric, and interspecific or intraspecific.
    • Asymmetric arms races are exemplified by brood parasites and hosts, and queen-host ant conflicts.
    • Intraspecific symmetric arms races may relate to Cope's Rule and extinction events.

    Conclusions:

    • The arms race concept provides a framework for understanding coevolutionary escalations.
    • Arms races can end through extinction, mutual optima (e.g., flower-bee coevolution), or continuous cycling.
    • This framework offers insights into long-standing questions in evolutionary theory.

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