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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

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Characterization of Inflammation in In Vivo Mouse Myocardium Using Longitudinal Rotating Frame Relaxation Time (T1ρ)

Elias Ylä-Herttuala1,2, Haja Sherief Nazimutheen Mustafa1,3, Muhammad Arsalan Khan1,4

  • 1Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.

NMR in Biomedicine
|April 30, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using continuous-wave longitudinal rotating frame relaxation time (T1ρ) and T2 mapping can detect myocardial inflammation after viral infection in mice. Both methods show increased relaxation times during acute and chronic inflammation.

Keywords:
adenoviral vectorscardiovascular MRIinflammationrotating frame relaxation times

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Imaging
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Molecular Cardiology

Background:

  • Cardiac MRI is crucial for assessing heart function and structure.
  • Myocardial inflammation alters tissue and MR relaxation properties.
  • Continuous-wave longitudinal rotating frame relaxation time (T1ρ) and T2 mapping are sensitive to tissue changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess myocardial inflammation in a mouse model using in vivo CW-T1ρ and T2 relaxation times.
  • To evaluate the utility of these MRI techniques in tracking inflammation post-adenoviral gene transfer.
  • To correlate MRI findings with histological verification of inflammation.

Main Methods:

  • Adenoviral vectors (AdVEGF-A165 and AdCMV) were used to induce myocardial inflammation in mice.
  • In vivo CW-T1ρ and T2 relaxation time measurements were performed at multiple time points post-injection.
  • Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used for histological confirmation of inflammation at 14 days.

Main Results:

  • Both CW-T1ρ and T2 relaxation times significantly increased after adenoviral injections and subsequent inflammatory reactions.
  • Elevated relaxation times persisted throughout the acute and chronic phases of inflammation.
  • Visual contrast differences between inflamed and remote myocardial areas were observed in CW-T1ρ and T2 maps.

Conclusions:

  • Myocardial adenoviral injections induce inflammatory reactions associated with increased CW-T1ρ and T2 relaxation times in mice.
  • CW-T1ρ and T2 mapping are effective tools for monitoring both acute and chronic myocardial inflammation.
  • These MRI techniques offer potential for non-invasive tracking of inflammatory processes in the myocardium.