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Continuously-stirred Anaerobic Digester to Convert Organic Wastes into Biogas: System Setup and Basic Operation
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Beyond waste: Transforming manure into a resource through integrated systems.

Saurav Das1, Gladis Zinati1, Sean Stokes1

  • 1Rodale Institute, Kutztown, Pennsylvania, USA.

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US livestock production generates vast manure, posing nutrient and environmental challenges. This review assesses management strategies and advanced technologies to optimize manure as a circular resource, balancing agricultural needs with ecosystem health.

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Soil Science

Background:

  • US livestock generates over 1.27 billion metric tons of manure annually.
  • Manure presents both a valuable nutrient resource and significant environmental risks.
  • Sustainable manure management is crucial for the livestock industry and environmental protection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize current knowledge on manure's agronomic and soil health benefits.
  • To evaluate environmental risks associated with manure management.
  • To critically assess advanced treatment and valorization technologies for manure.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of manure management approaches (land application, stockpiling, lagoons).
  • Assessment of advanced technologies: anaerobic digestion, nutrient recovery, biochar co-composting, precision application.
  • Evaluation of adoption drivers (regulations, incentives, digital innovations) and barriers (costs, logistics, knowledge gaps).

Main Results:

  • Manure offers agronomic and soil health benefits but poses environmental risks (CH4, N2O, NH3 emissions, pathogen fate).
  • Advanced technologies show promise for nutrient recovery and resource valorization.
  • Regulatory frameworks and economic incentives can drive adoption, but barriers remain significant.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing manure management requires balancing benefits and risks through integrated strategies.
  • Further research is needed to address knowledge gaps in emission quantification and site-specific trade-offs.
  • Transitioning to a circular agricultural economy necessitates advancing manure management technologies and policies.