From Adipose Tissue to Cardiac Repair: Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiovascular Regeneration

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Biology
• Regenerative Medicine
• Extracellular Vesicle Research

Background:

• Adipose-derived extracellular vesicles (ADEVs) are increasingly recognized for their therapeutic potential in cardiovascular diseases.
• These vesicles mediate intercellular communication via carried molecules, influencing cardiac pathophysiology.
• Their roles in atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction involve vascular regeneration, inflammation modulation, and tissue repair.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the pathophysiological roles of ADEVs in cardiovascular repair.
• To synthesize translational evidence for ADEV-based therapies.
• To provide a perspective for clinical development.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of preclinical and translational studies.
• Synthesis of evidence on ADEV functions in cardiovascular diseases.
• Analysis of challenges in clinical translation.

Main Results:

• ADEVs promote vascular regeneration, endothelial protection, and lipid homeostasis in atherosclerosis.
• They limit apoptosis, reduce fibrosis, stimulate angiogenesis, and regulate inflammation in myocardial infarction.
• Preclinical data support therapeutic relevance, but clinical translation is nascent.

Conclusions:

• ADEVs possess significant regenerative and immunomodulatory properties for cardiovascular repair.
• Standardization of isolation, dosing, and safety assessment is crucial for clinical translation.
• Structured development is needed to advance ADEV therapies for cardiovascular conditions.