[Refeeding syndrome : myth or reality ?]

Refeeding syndrome (RFS) is a clinical entity that occurs during refeeding and can lead to multiple organ dysfunction. The pathophysiology is complex and is mainly based on hydro-electrolytic changes secondary to the transition from catabolism to anabolism, which lead to various, potentially serious clinical manifestations. In its early phase, RFS primarily presents with electrolyte disorders affecting phosphate, potassium, and magnesium. Electrolyte monitoring remains therefore the cornerstone of RFS prevention. During the follow-up of patients undergoing renutrition, particular attention must be paid to establishing a broad differential diagnosis in the event of clinical deterioration, in order to avoid overlooking a complication that is unrelated to refeeding.