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Increasing loneliness in Japan, 1983-2023: a cross-temporal meta-analysis.

Momo Homma1, Kenkichi Takase1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Loneliness in Japan has significantly increased from 1983 to 2023, especially impacting adolescents. This trend, observed over 40 years, requires further investigation into its causes.

Keywords:
JapanUCLA Loneliness Scalelonelinessmental healthmeta-analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Sociology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Loneliness and social isolation are growing concerns in Japan.
  • Limited research exists on the temporal trends of loneliness within the Japanese population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a cross-temporal meta-analysis to examine changes in loneliness in Japan over time.
  • To identify factors associated with trends in loneliness.

Main Methods:

  • A meta-analysis of studies published between 1983 and 2023 was performed.
  • Studies were sourced from PubMed, Web of Science, J-Stage, and CiNii.
  • Exclusion criteria included missing data, non-use of the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale, and unclear study details.

Main Results:

  • An overall increase in loneliness was observed between 1983 and 2023, with a notable rise in adolescents.
  • Regression analysis revealed that developmental stage, scale length, and the specific Japanese translation of the UCLA Loneliness Scale influenced loneliness trends.
  • While males reported higher loneliness consistently, females showed a more significant increase over time.
  • Certain social indicators correlated with shifts in loneliness levels.

Conclusions:

  • Loneliness in Japan has demonstrably increased over the past four decades, particularly affecting younger demographics.
  • Factors such as age, gender, and methodological variations in measurement tools contribute to observed trends.
  • The precise underlying causes of increasing loneliness remain elusive, necessitating further in-depth research.