Impact of Patient Demographics and Cardiovascular Risk Factors on Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Outcomes
Syed Muhammad Nayab Ali1, Zahid Ullah1, Saddam Hussain1
1Department of Cardiology, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, PAK.
Insights
Advanced age and diabetes mellitus increase risks for adverse outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This study highlights these factors as key predictors of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and other complications, despite high procedural success rates.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Interventional Cardiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a primary treatment for coronary artery disease.
- Patient demographics and cardiovascular risk factors significantly influence PCI outcomes.
- Understanding these associations is crucial for improving patient care and procedural success.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between patient demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, and in-hospital clinical outcomes after PCI.
- To identify key predictors of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), stent thrombosis, and mortality in patients undergoing PCI.
Main Methods:
- A hospital-based observational study involving 270 adult patients undergoing PCI from July 2023 to June 2024.
- Data collection included demographics, risk factors, procedural details, and in-hospital outcomes.
- Statistical analyses, including multivariate logistic regression, identified independent predictors of adverse outcomes.
Main Results:
- The study included 270 patients; 68.52% were male, and 34.44% were aged 60 years or older.
- Hypertension (58.52%) and diabetes mellitus (44.44%) were prevalent risk factors.
- In-hospital MACE occurred in 7.41%, stent thrombosis in 2.96%, and mortality in 1.85% of patients.
- Age ≥60 years (OR: 2.10) and diabetes mellitus (OR: 3.25) were independent predictors of adverse PCI outcomes.
Conclusions:
- Advanced age and diabetes mellitus are significant determinants of adverse in-hospital outcomes post-PCI.
- Despite high procedural success rates, these patient factors necessitate careful consideration for risk stratification and management.
Background:
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is extensively employed for the therapy of coronary artery disease; nonetheless, patient demographics and cardiovascular risk factors continue to impact procedural and clinical results Objective: To evaluate the association between patient demographics and cardiovascular risk factors and in-hospital clinical outcomes, including major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), stent thrombosis, and mortality, among patients undergoing PCI.
Methodology:
This hospital-based observational study was conducted over a one-year period from July 2023 to June 2024. A total of 270 adult patients undergoing elective or emergency PCI were enrolled using a convenience sampling technique. Data on demographic characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors, procedural details, and in-hospital outcomes were collected using a structured proforma designed by hospital staff and research investigators. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26 (IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, USA), including chi-square tests, independent-samples t-tests, and multivariate logistic regression to identify independent predictors of adverse outcomes.
Results:
Of the 270 patients, 185 (68.52%) were male and 93 (34.44%) were aged ≥60 years. Hypertension was present in 158 (58.52%) patients, and diabetes mellitus in 120 (44.44%) patients. Procedural success was achieved in 250 (92.59%) cases, while in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) occurred in 20 (7.41%), stent thrombosis in 8 (2.96%), and mortality in 5 (1.85%) patients. Patients who developed MACE were significantly older than those with procedural success (61.7 ± 9.5 vs. 55.3 ± 10.2 years; p = 0.034). Multivariate analysis identified age ≥60 years (adjusted OR: 2.10; p = 0.035) and diabetes mellitus (adjusted OR: 3.25; p = 0.003) as independent predictors of adverse PCI outcomes.
Conclusion:
Advanced age and diabetes mellitus were significant determinants of adverse in-hospital outcomes following PCI despite high overall procedural success rates.
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