Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 1, 2026
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Randomized, Triple-Blind, and Parallel-Controlled Trial of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Cognitive Rehabilitation after Stroke
Published on: June 6, 2025
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Recognizing, managing, and preventing cognitive sequelae after stroke. A narrative review.
Leonardo Pantoni1,2, Slaven Pikija3,4, Tuyen Van Nguyen5
1Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Via Giovanni Battista Grassi 74, 20157 Milan (MI), Italy.
Cerebral Circulation - Cognition and Behavior
|April 30, 2026
Summary
Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) affects many survivors, impacting quality of life. Early diagnosis and management, focusing on vascular risk factors and rehabilitation, are crucial for improving outcomes in stroke patients.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Neurology
- Public Health
Background:
- Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) affects up to one-third of stroke survivors, significantly impacting long-term disability and quality of life.
- Its complex nature arises from acute injury combined with chronic vascular issues, inflammation, and potential neurodegeneration.
- Clinical presentations are diverse, influenced by lesion location, commonly affecting executive functions and attention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To synthesize current evidence on the mechanisms, presentation, diagnosis, and management of PSCI.
- To highlight priorities for harmonized care pathways and integrating cognitive health into routine stroke care.
- To review emerging diagnostic adjuncts and treatment strategies for PSCI.
Main Methods:
- This narrative review synthesizes existing scientific literature on PSCI.
- It examines diagnostic strategies including cognitive screening, neuropsychological assessment, and neuroimaging (CT and MRI).
- The review considers emerging tools like fluid biomarkers and digital monitoring, alongside current treatment and prevention approaches.
Main Results:
- Diagnosis is challenging due to overlapping pathologies; a stepwise approach is recommended.
- Treatment options are limited, with non-pharmacological interventions like cognitive rehabilitation and physical activity being central.
- Prevention strategies emphasize vascular risk factor control, lifestyle changes, and cognitive reserve enhancement.
Conclusions:
- Harmonized care pathways and routine integration of cognitive health assessments are essential for PSCI management.
- Further high-quality evidence is needed for PSCI-specific interventions.
- Focusing on prevention through vascular risk management and lifestyle modifications is paramount.
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