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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

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Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
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Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

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Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion...
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Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

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In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess...
271
Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System01:26

Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System

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At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is...
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Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

2.1K
Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Related Experiment Video

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Analysis of HBV-Specific CD4 T-cell Responses and Identification of HLA-DR-Restricted CD4 T-Cell Epitopes Based on a Peptide Matrix
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Why does hepatitis B remain underprioritized? A view through lived experience.

Yasmin Ibrahim1, Anousha Qureshi2, Michaela Jackson2

  • 1Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA 18902, United States. yasmin.ibrahim@hepb.org.

World Journal of Methodology
|April 30, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Chronic hepatitis B affects millions globally, yet remains underprioritized. Greater investment, collaboration, and patient focus are crucial for hepatitis B elimination efforts.

Keywords:
Chronic hepatitis BEliminationGlobalHealth equityHepatitis BHepatitis B virusPeople living with hepatitis B virusUnderprioritization

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Global Health
  • Public Health Policy

Background:

  • Chronic hepatitis B affects nearly 259 million people worldwide, causing 83% of viral hepatitis deaths in 2022.
  • Despite available vaccines, diagnostics, and treatments, hepatitis B remains underprioritized globally.
  • Stigma and discrimination create significant social and economic burdens for individuals living with hepatitis B.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the reasons behind the underprioritization of hepatitis B.
  • To identify roadblocks hindering hepatitis B elimination efforts.
  • To draw lessons from successful disease control programs (HIV, COVID-19, Ebola).

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of global hepatitis B burden and treatment access.
  • Qualitative exploration through personal stories of individuals living with hepatitis B.
  • Review of advocacy, political commitment, and funding strategies from other disease programs.

Main Results:

  • Hepatitis B elimination efforts face significant roadblocks, including underprioritization and stigma.
  • Lessons from HIV, COVID-19, and Ebola highlight the importance of advocacy, political will, and funding.
  • The Hepatitis B Foundation's decades-long efforts demonstrate a model for progress.

Conclusions:

  • Increased investment, cross-sector collaboration, and integrated disease programs are essential.
  • Including patient-reported outcomes in hepatitis B management is vital for effective support.
  • Urgent action is needed to prioritize hepatitis B and improve care for those affected.