Genome Editing Technologies for Cancer Therapy.

Area of Science:

• Molecular Biology
• Genetics
• Oncology

Background:

• Cancer is a leading global cause of death, with conventional therapies facing limitations like drug resistance and relapse.
• The complex nature of cancer necessitates innovative therapeutic strategies beyond traditional methods.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the evolution and application of genome editing technologies for targeted cancer therapy.
• To highlight the potential of these tools in revolutionizing precision oncology.

Main Methods:

• Review of key genome editing platforms: meganucleases, zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and CRISPR/CAS9.
• Discussion of gene modification strategies including oncogene disruption and tumor suppressor gene repair.

Main Results:

• Genome editing tools have advanced from early meganucleases to highly efficient RNA-guided CRISPR/CAS9 systems.
• These technologies enable precise manipulation of genes involved in cancer progression, resistance, and metastasis.

Conclusions:

• Genome editing technologies show significant translational potential for cancer treatment.
• Advancements in delivery systems and gene repair enhance therapeutic prospects, paving the way for precision oncology.