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Related Concept Videos

Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

1.6K
Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

112.9K
Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
112.9K
Ionic Association01:28

Ionic Association

216
The ionic association is the association of oppositely charged ions in an electrolyte solution to form ion pairs. Bjerrum defined ion pairs as two oppositely charged ions whose electrostatic attraction exceeds the thermal energy of the system, typically expressed as 2kT. Electrostatic attraction depends on ionic charge, separation distance, and the dielectric constant of the medium. Thermal energy, represented by kT, reflects the tendency of ions to move independently due to molecular motion.
216
Electrochemical Systems01:24

Electrochemical Systems

179
Electrochemical systems provide a fascinating insight into the dynamic interplay of charged species within various phases. One notable example is the interaction between a membrane permeable to K⁺ ions but not to Cl⁻ ions, separating an aqueous KCl solution from pure water. As K⁺ ions diffuse through the membrane, they generate net charges on each phase, leading to a potential difference between them.Similarly, when a piece of Zn is immersed in an aqueous ZnSO₄ solution,...
179
Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

18.8K
A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
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Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques

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Zn-Na Alloy Interphase Engineering for Fast Kinetics and High Performance in Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Luyu Lei1,2, Jinhan Teng1,2, Haodong Liu1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, P. R. China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|April 30, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study enhances sodium-ion batteries using composite additives for improved electrode-electrolyte interfaces. The new electrolyte system boosts initial Coulombic efficiency and long-term cycling stability.

Keywords:
alloyelectrolyte/electrode interphaselong cycling stabilitysodium dendritessodium‐ion batteriessodophilic sites

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • The hard carbon electrode-electrolyte interface is a key limitation for high-performance sodium-ion batteries.
  • Sluggish kinetics and poor compatibility hinder battery efficiency and lifespan.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a multifunctional electrolyte additive system for sodium-ion batteries.
  • To address interface compatibility and irreversible capacity loss issues.

Main Methods:

  • Incorporation of Zn(OTf)2 and NaSO2CF3 as composite additives in the electrolyte.
  • In situ formation of a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film rich in NaZn13.
  • Utilizing NaSO2CF3 as a sodium reservoir to compensate for capacity loss.

Main Results:

  • Zn(OTf)2 forms a stable, ionically conductive NaZn13-rich SEI film on hard carbon.
  • NaSO2CF3 effectively compensates for irreversible capacity loss during initial cycling.
  • Initial Coulombic efficiency improved from 67.62% to 80.78%.
  • Capacity retention after 1000 cycles increased from 56.08% to 86.93%.

Conclusions:

  • The synergistic composite additive strategy significantly enhances interfacial kinetics and cycling stability.
  • This approach offers a promising solution for developing advanced sodium-ion batteries.
  • The method successfully modifies the interface and compensates for active sodium loss.