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Related Concept Videos

Phase Diagrams of Ternary Systems01:28

Phase Diagrams of Ternary Systems

155
Consider a ternary system, which is composed of three components: water (W), ethanoic acid (E), and trichloromethane (T). Here, Ethanoic acid (E) is fully miscible with both water (W) and trichloromethane (T), meaning it can mix entirely with either of them. However, water and trichloromethane have partial miscibility, meaning they can only mix to a certain extent, beyond which two separate phases will form.The phase diagram of a ternary system is represented as an equilateral triangle, where...
155
Phase Diagram01:24

Phase Diagram

229
A phase diagram is a graphical representation of the physical states of a substance under different conditions of temperature and pressure. It shows the boundaries between solid, liquid, and gas phases and the conditions at which these phases coexist in equilibrium. An area in a phase diagram represents a single phase, whereas lines or phase boundaries represent the equilibrium between two phases.In the phase diagram of water, the boundary line between the solid and liquid states illustrates...
229
Phase Diagram01:19

Phase Diagram

5.9K
The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
5.9K
Phase Diagrams02:39

Phase Diagrams

45.6K
A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
45.6K
Two Components: Liquid–Liquid Systems01:27

Two Components: Liquid–Liquid Systems

172
A pressure-composition phase diagram explicitly describes the behavior of an ideal solution of two volatile liquids under varying pressures and compositions. A pressure-composition diagram has two main curves. The bubble point curve represents the plot of pressure versus liquid mole fraction. It indicates the pressure at which the first bubble of vapor forms from the liquid phase as the system pressure decreases.The dew point curve is the pressure versus vapor mole fraction. It indicates the...
172
Solid–Solid Solutions01:24

Solid–Solid Solutions

132
The temperature-composition phase diagram of two solids, A and B, which are immiscible in the solid phase but form miscible liquids, shows that when the temperature is low, these two exist as separate, pure solids (A and B). As the temperature increases, they transition into a single-phase liquid solution where A and B coexist. Moving from point a1 to a2 in the phase diagram, the composition changes such that solid B begins to separate from the solution, enriching the remaining liquid with A.
132

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Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers
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Machine Learning-Assisted Phase Diagram Determination in Aqueous Two-Phase Systems.

Nidhin Thomas1, Adam Witmer2, Hyung Kae Lee3

  • 1Theoretical Division, Theoretical Biology and Biophysics (T-6), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|April 30, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces an automated method using microscopy and machine learning for accurate phase diagram construction in aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs). This overcomes limitations of traditional methods, enabling efficient characterization of phase separation.

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Accurate phase diagrams for aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) are crucial for downstream applications.
  • Conventional turbidimetric titration methods for ATPS phase diagram construction are labor-intensive and prone to inaccuracies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an automated methodology for precise phase diagram construction in ATPSs.
  • To overcome the limitations of traditional experimental techniques for characterizing phase separation.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of optical microscopy with machine learning for automated phase separation detection.
  • Utilizing a segmentation model (SAM 2) to analyze thousands of images and quantify emulsion droplets.
  • Employing supervised machine learning on droplet features for robust classification of one- or two-phase regions.

Main Results:

  • Successfully identified two-phase regions for a challenging ATPS (poly(ethylene glycol)/dextran) with slow phase separation kinetics.
  • Demonstrated accurate phase boundary definition, overcoming issues with dim or occluded droplet edges.
  • Validated the efficiency and robustness of the automated platform for phase diagram construction.

Conclusions:

  • The developed automated strategy offers a significant advancement over conventional methods for ATPS phase diagram construction.
  • This approach provides a reliable and efficient platform for characterizing phase-separating systems.
  • Potential for broad applications in various fields requiring precise phase behavior analysis.