Monolithic Double-W Origami Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Dual-Mode Mechanical Energy Harvesting

Origami-structured triboelectric nanogenerators have been demonstrated to be effective for harvesting water energy and other natural energy sources. However, achieving both a high power output and seamless integration into daily life applications remains challenging. Here, we present a double-W origami device through multilayer folding of a single substrate, enabling enhanced contact-separation motion within compact spaces for linear and arc motion energy harvesting. Through systematic evaluation of 22 configurations, the optimal structure was identified. When integrated with a voltage multiplier circuit, the device demonstrates a 14.21-fold increase in transferred charge, delivers a peak power of 14.78 mW (the volume power density and average power density are 587.37 W m^-3 and 28.51 W m^-3 at compressed volume, respectively), and can illuminate 948 LEDs. This work not only pioneers a new approach for an origami triboelectric nanogenerator in harvesting arc motion energy but also advances its seamless integration with real-world applications through integrated co-design of device architecture, power management, and system implementation.