Is the molecular microenvironment of the latent HIV reservoir predictable using deep learning approaches?

Although current antiretroviral therapy effectively suppresses viral replication in infected individuals, infections remain incurable. One of the main reasons for this is the uncertainty of the molecular microenvironment of the latent HIV reservoir. If this microenvironment can be precisely targeted, the effectiveness of current antiretroviral therapy can be leveraged. To better depict the potent microenvironments of the latent HIV reservoir, it is crucial to first understand the mechanisms that make some viruses transcriptionally active and others silent in the first place. It is currently feasible to predict gene activity from DNA sequence, coupled with epigenetics, using deep learning approaches. Substantial progress has been made in creating multidimensional data sets related to the HIV latent reservoir. The implementation of deep learning to mine potent attributes, enabling the characterization and prediction of the microenvironment of the latent HIV reservoir, is thus imperative. This minireview discusses potent features that can be integrated into deep learning methodologies to predict the likelihood of the potential microenvironment from different tiered levels of the latent HIV reservoir organization, and proposes the principal workflow to tackle this question using deep learning approaches.