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Related Concept Videos

Directionality of Nuclear Transport01:42

Directionality of Nuclear Transport

3.9K
Ras-related nuclear protein or Ran is a small G protein that cycles between its GTP and GDP bound states. Ran specific regulators, a Ran GTPase Activating Protein or RanGAP present in the cytosol and a Ran guanine nucleotide exchange factor or RanGEF present inside the nucleus regulate GTP/GDP exchange. A high concentration of GTP inside the cells, in addition to this asymmetric distribution of  Ran-specific regulators, leads to a higher RanGTP concentration inside the nucleus. This...
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Nuclear Export01:42

Nuclear Export

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The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
NES are of three types- the canonical 10-residue long leucine-rich signal and other...
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Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

Nuclear Protein Sorting

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Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...
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Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

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Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
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Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

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Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
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Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Identification of Nucleolar Factors During HIV-1 Replication Through Rev Immunoprecipitation and Mass Spectrometry
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Identification of Nucleolar Factors During HIV-1 Replication Through Rev Immunoprecipitation and Mass Spectrometry

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RANBP3 and RAN orchestrate CRM1-mediated nuclear export of hepatitis B virus RNAs.

Mengfei Wang1, Quan Chen1, Yingcheng Zheng1,2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Hubei Provincial Research Center for Basic Biological Sciences and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Institute of Medical Virology, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.

Journal of Virology
|April 30, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) RNA export relies on the CRM1 pathway, with RANBP3 and RAN acting as key regulators. Disrupting this complex impairs viral replication, identifying these proteins as potential antiviral targets.

Keywords:
HBV RNARANBP3-RAN-CRM1 pathwayRNA export

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Nuclear export of viral RNAs is crucial for Hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication.
  • ELAVL1 protein was previously identified to mediate HBV RNA export through the CRM1 pathway by binding AUUUA motifs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify downstream regulators of the CRM1-mediated RNA export pathway in HBV.
  • To elucidate the precise mechanism of HBV RNA trafficking and identify potential antiviral targets.

Main Methods:

  • Identification and characterization of host factors involved in HBV RNA nuclear export.
  • Knockdown experiments of RANBP3 and RAN.
  • Analysis of CRM1 mutations affecting cofactor binding.

Main Results:

  • Ras-related nuclear protein (RAN) and RAN-binding protein 3 (RANBP3) were identified as critical regulators.
  • RANBP3 recruits RAN-GTP to form an export-competent complex with CRM1 and HBV RNAs.
  • Disruption of this complex via knockdown or CRM1 mutations significantly inhibits HBV RNA export and viral replication.

Conclusions:

  • HBV RNA export is precisely regulated by the RANBP3-RAN-CRM1 axis.
  • RANBP3 and RAN are essential host cofactors for HBV replication.
  • Targeting RANBP3 and RAN presents a promising antiviral strategy against HBV.