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Comparison and adaptation.

T H Clutton-Brock, P H Harvey

    Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
    |September 21, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Adaptation should be defined by its effects on inclusive fitness, not just genetic causes. This broadens understanding of evolutionary adaptation, including non-natural selection processes and accounting for confounding variables.

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    Area of Science:

    • Evolutionary Biology
    • Ecology
    • Genetics

    Background:

    • The definition of adaptation is debated, with some reserving it for traits with known genetic bases.
    • Critics question adaptive explanations due to reliance on ad-hoc arguments and confounding variables.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a definition of adaptation based on its effects on inclusive fitness.
    • To address challenges in identifying adaptations, particularly in behavioral traits and when accounting for confounding variables.

    Main Methods:

    • Defining adaptation by its effects (increased inclusive fitness) rather than its causes.
    • Analyzing the impact of confounding variables and trait constraints on adaptation.
    • Suggesting phylogenetic analysis to distinguish adaptations from non-adaptive differences.

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    Main Results:

    • Adaptation is defined as any phenotypic difference increasing inclusive fitness.
    • This definition allows for adaptations arising from mechanisms other than natural selection.
    • Confounding variables and trait constraints pose significant challenges to identifying adaptations.

    Conclusions:

    • A functional definition of adaptation is crucial for evolutionary studies.
    • Careful consideration of confounding variables and phylogenetic context is necessary.
    • Understanding adaptation requires acknowledging diverse evolutionary processes.