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Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

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Published on: August 25, 2014

Changes in Academic Standardized Testing After Pediatric Intensive Care.

Claire C Foster^1,2, Melanie Boyd³, Erin F Carlton^4,5

¹Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock.

JAMA Network Open

|April 30, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Children treated in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) were less likely to take standardized tests post-discharge. Survivors experienced reading score declines compared to controls, highlighting cognitive health concerns after critical illness.

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Area of Science:

Pediatric Critical Care Medicine
Neuroscience
Public Health

Background:

Children surviving critical illness often face long-term health issues.
Cognitive health impacts of pediatric critical illness are not well understood due to limited pre- and post-illness assessments.
Lack of adequate comparison groups hinders research on cognitive outcomes post-pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate cognitive health outcomes in children after pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) treatment.
To compare academic performance of PICU-exposed children with non-PICU-exposed control students using school-based testing.
To assess the association between PICU admission and cognitive function in children.

Main Methods:

Retrospective case-control study utilizing statewide academic data.
Inclusion of 1088 patients admitted to the sole PICU in Arkansas (2008-2018) and propensity score-matched controls.
Analysis of standardized test return rates and changes in pre- to post-admission scores using logistic and linear regression.

Main Results:

Fewer PICU patients (80.6% math, 81.1% reading) had post-admission test scores compared to controls (86.5% math, 87.1% reading).
PICU patients exhibited below-average pre-admission scores in math and reading.
Adjusted analyses revealed a significant decrease in reading scores (-0.07) for PICU patients relative to controls, with no significant change in math scores.

Conclusions:

Pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) survivors are less likely to participate in standardized testing after discharge.
PICU patients showed a greater decline in reading scores compared to matched controls.
Further research is needed to identify risk factors for reduced testing participation and score deterioration post-PICU.