Peep into anti-vascular endothelial growth factor

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Vascular Biology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents have transformed retinal vascular disease management over 20 years.
• VEGF identification as a key driver of ocular neovascularization spurred therapeutic advancements.
• The field has progressed from early agents (pegaptanib, bevacizumab) to advanced molecules (ranibizumab, aflibercept, brolucizumab, faricimab).

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of anti-VEGF agents in the Indian context.
• To discuss historical development, pharmacology, regulatory aspects, and safety.
• To emphasize strategies for equitable, high-quality retinal care in India.

Main Methods:

• Literature review and synthesis of existing data.
• Analysis of the Indian healthcare landscape, including economic and epidemiological factors.
• Examination of regulatory milestones and clinical applications of anti-VEGF therapies in India.

Main Results:

• India faces a high burden of diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration.
• Limited healthcare reimbursement impacts treatment accessibility.
• Biosimilar ranibizumab plays a crucial role in enhancing access to anti-VEGF therapy.

Conclusions:

• Anti-VEGF therapy is pivotal in managing retinal vascular diseases in India.
• Addressing economic and access barriers is essential for equitable care.
• Strategies are needed to ensure high-quality retinal treatment for India's diverse population.