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Protein-polyphenol interactions in plant-based systems: Mechanisms, structure-function relationships, and nutritional

Zahra Batool1, Sulaiman Ahmed2, Gan Hu3

  • 1Department of Pharmacy, Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.

Food Chemistry
|April 30, 2026
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Summary

Interactions between plant proteins and polyphenols impact food functionality and nutrition. Understanding these complex molecular mechanisms is key to developing better plant-based foods.

Keywords:
BioaccessibilityDigestibilityPlant proteinsPolyphenolsSustainable plant-based foodsTechno-functional properties

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Area of Science:

  • Food Science
  • Nutritional Science
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Protein-polyphenol interactions are crucial for plant-based food quality but poorly understood.
  • Plant proteins interact differently with polyphenols compared to animal proteins due to their complex structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review molecular mechanisms of protein-polyphenol interactions in plant systems.
  • To analyze how these interactions affect food techno-functional properties and nutritional value.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing recent research on protein-polyphenol interactions.
  • Analysis of non-covalent and covalent binding mechanisms.
  • Evaluation of impacts on protein structure, aggregation, and interfacial properties.

Main Results:

  • Interactions significantly alter protein conformation, aggregation, and interfacial behavior.
  • Techno-functional properties like solubility, emulsification, foaming, and gelation are modified.
  • Impacts on digestibility, protein, and polyphenol bioaccessibility are evaluated.

Conclusions:

  • A mechanistic framework for understanding protein-polyphenol interactions in plant-based foods is provided.
  • This knowledge aids in designing high-performance, sustainable plant-based food products.
  • Balancing functional benefits with nutrient availability is a key consideration.