Magnetic ionic liquid-functionalized graphene for DNA extraction and authentication of beef products

Food authentication, particularly the identification of meat species, relies on the efficient extraction of high-quality DNA from complex matrices. Conventional magnetic solid-phase extraction materials typically require multistep synthesis to coat functional layers onto an iron oxide core, which complicates their preparation and limits practical application. To address this challenge, we developed a magnetic ionic liquid-functionalized graphene adsorbent (G-MIL) that integrates the magnetic component and the functional modifier into a single material, thereby eliminating the need for a separate magnetic core and simplifying the synthesis process. This G-MIL material enabled the development of a rapid, one-step DNA extraction method that combines vortex-assisted dispersion and magnetic separation, effectively integrating isolation, enrichment, and purification without tedious centrifugation steps. The key extraction parameters were systematically optimized. The method demonstrated excellent repeatability (RSD = 2.15%, n = 3) and high selectivity for DNA in the presence of interfering proteins and amino acids. Most importantly, this approach was successfully applied to the authentication of beef products, reliably distinguishing pure beef from adulterated counterparts. This work not only presents a novel and efficient adsorbent for DNA extraction but also provides a robust and straightforward platform for enhancing traceability and ensuring authenticity in the food supply chain.