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Competitive exclusion modulates broiler microbiota structure and microbial interaction networks.

Arianna Peruzzo1, Alessia Tiengo2, Maddalena Furlan2

  • 1Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; PhD National Programme in One Health Approaches to Infectious Diseases and Life Science Research, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy.

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Summary

Competitive exclusion (CE) strategies successfully modulated broiler chicken gut microbiota, increasing beneficial bacteria and reducing pathogen integration. This approach enhances gut health and offers a promising method for controlling foodborne pathogens in poultry.

Keywords:
BroilerCompetitive exclusionFoodborne pathogens controlMicrobiota

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Area of Science:

  • Poultry Science
  • Microbiology
  • Gut Microbiome Research

Background:

  • Foodborne pathogens in poultry pose significant risks.
  • Competitive exclusion (CE) strategies modulate gut microbiota to control pathogens.
  • Understanding CE's impact on broiler gut dynamics is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of a competitive exclusion (CE) intervention on cloacal microbiota development, structure, and pathogen integration in commercial broiler chickens.
  • To assess the long-term effects of CE on broiler gut microbial communities.

Main Methods:

  • Field study on 15 broiler farms with a history of Salmonella Infantis.
  • CE intervention applied at chick placement versus untreated controls.
  • 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of cloacal samples collected at 7, 18, 31, and 42 days of age.
  • Analysis of microbiota diversity, differential abundance, and microbial association networks.

Main Results:

  • CE treatment significantly altered microbiota composition and structure throughout the production cycle.
  • Treated flocks showed increased microbial richness and diversity, with persistent separation from controls.
  • Enrichment of beneficial genera (e.g., Lactobacillus) and reduced abundance of pathogens (e.g., Campylobacter) in CE-treated birds.
  • CE restructured microbial networks, increasing complexity and reducing pathogen integration.

Conclusions:

  • Competitive exclusion effectively modulates broiler gut microbiota composition and interaction networks.
  • Early-life microbiota modulation via CE constrains pathogen ecological integration.
  • CE offers a mechanistic framework for microbiota-driven control strategies in poultry production.