Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

10.5K
The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
10.5K
Gut-Brain Axis01:22

Gut-Brain Axis

222
The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. This interaction is mediated through multiple pathways, including the vagus nerve, hormonal signals, immune responses, and chemical messengers produced by gut microbes.Microbial Contributions to Brain FunctionGut microbiota contributes significantly to brain function by producing neuroactive compounds. These include neuroactive compounds that influence neurotransmitters such...
222
Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

40.5K
The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
40.5K
Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction01:17

Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction

1.4K
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by functional disturbances in the gastrointestinal system, presenting a cluster of symptoms without evident structural or biochemical abnormalities. It primarily affects the large intestine and may cause abdominal pain, bloating, excessive gas, diarrhea, constipation, or both.
IBS is a chronic condition that can persist over a long period or recur frequently.
The pathogenesis of IBS involves a complex interplay of the following factors:
Altered...
1.4K
Microbiome of the Eye01:22

Microbiome of the Eye

67
The human eye has a specialized microbiota that reflects its unique anatomical and immunological environment. This low-biomass microbial community predominantly colonizes the conjunctiva and eyelid margins, playing a vital role in ocular surface homeostasis and defense. Despite its proximity to the richly colonized facial skin, the ocular surface maintains a distinct microbial profile due to continuous mechanical and biochemical defense mechanisms.The conjunctival surface hosts fewer microbial...
67
Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

13.1K
Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
13.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

<i>Capsicum annuum</i> RPW8 Confers Broad-Spectrum Resistance against Multiple Pathogens.

Journal of agricultural and food chemistry·2026
Same author

Mechanisms of energy metabolism reprogramming and homeostasis maintenance in overwintering hibernating animals.

Frontiers in veterinary science·2026
Same author

40 Hz biparietal transcranial alternating current stimulation for Alzheimer's disease: a prospective study.

BMC medicine·2026
Same author

Health Equity After a Colorectal Cancer Screening Program.

JAMA health forum·2026
Same author

Identification of a Nonribosomal Peptide Analog With Activity Against Multiple Gram-Positive Bacteria via a Synthetic Bioinformatic Natural Product Discovery Approach.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same author

Identification of a NRP with the ability to destroy cell membrane of Staphylococcus epidermidis from Rhodococcus genomes database.

Bioorganic chemistry·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Induction of Intestinal Inflammation by Adoptive Transfer of CBir1 TCR Transgenic CD4+ T Cells to Immunodeficient Mice
07:34

Induction of Intestinal Inflammation by Adoptive Transfer of CBir1 TCR Transgenic CD4+ T Cells to Immunodeficient Mice

Published on: December 16, 2021

2.5K

EtCBN-associated olfactory dysfunction involves Irf7 signaling and a microbiota-metabolite axis.

Lianrui Duan1, Jiayi Liang1, Wei Zhang1

  • 1Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.

Chemico-Biological Interactions
|April 30, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) can impair olfactory function, potentially leading to neurodegeneration. Exposure to EtCBN, an LCM, caused olfactory deficits in mice by interacting with Irf7 and altering gut microbiota.

Keywords:
AOP frameworkGut microbiota dysbiosisLiquid crystal monomersNeuroinflammationOlfactory dysfunction

More Related Videos

Whole Mount Labeling of Cilia in the Main Olfactory System of Mice
08:42

Whole Mount Labeling of Cilia in the Main Olfactory System of Mice

Published on: December 27, 2014

10.8K
Author Spotlight: Advancing Allergic Rhinitis Research with Multicolor Immunofluorescence
06:08

Author Spotlight: Advancing Allergic Rhinitis Research with Multicolor Immunofluorescence

Published on: September 22, 2023

2.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 2, 2026

Induction of Intestinal Inflammation by Adoptive Transfer of CBir1 TCR Transgenic CD4+ T Cells to Immunodeficient Mice
07:34

Induction of Intestinal Inflammation by Adoptive Transfer of CBir1 TCR Transgenic CD4+ T Cells to Immunodeficient Mice

Published on: December 16, 2021

2.5K
Whole Mount Labeling of Cilia in the Main Olfactory System of Mice
08:42

Whole Mount Labeling of Cilia in the Main Olfactory System of Mice

Published on: December 27, 2014

10.8K
Author Spotlight: Advancing Allergic Rhinitis Research with Multicolor Immunofluorescence
06:08

Author Spotlight: Advancing Allergic Rhinitis Research with Multicolor Immunofluorescence

Published on: September 22, 2023

2.7K

Area of Science:

  • Environmental toxicology
  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) are emerging environmental contaminants with known neurotoxic potential.
  • Olfactory dysfunction is an early indicator of neurodegenerative diseases, but LCMs' impact is unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of LCM exposure on olfactory function.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying LCM-induced olfactory deficits.

Main Methods:

  • Mice were exposed to LCM mixtures and a prevalent monomer (EtCBN) at environmentally relevant doses.
  • Olfactory function was assessed using behavioral tests, MRI, and histopathology.
  • Molecular docking, cytokine analysis, microbiota profiling, and fecal microbiota transplantation were employed.

Main Results:

  • LCM and EtCBN exposure caused significant olfactory impairment, olfactory bulb atrophy, and neuroinflammation in mice.
  • EtCBN-Irf7 interaction was predicted as a molecular initiating event, linked to elevated IL-1β and TNF-α.
  • Gut microbiota alterations (reduced Dubosiella, phenylalanine accumulation) and a microbiota-metabolite-inflammation axis were implicated.
  • Fecal microbiota transplantation and NAD+ supplementation modulated the observed effects.

Conclusions:

  • EtCBN-induced olfactory dysfunction is linked to Irf7 activation, neuroinflammation, and gut microbiota dysbiosis.
  • This study proposes an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework for LCM neurotoxicity.
  • Findings suggest potential therapeutic targets for olfactory dysfunction caused by environmental contaminants.