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Nested mobile genetic elements mediating antimicrobial resistance genes mobility within and between Acinetobacter

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Mobile genetic elements like plasmids and prophages drive antibiotic resistance gene spread in Acinetobacter. This study reveals their varied distribution and co-localization of multiple resistance genes, even in new locations.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) are key drivers of antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) acquisition and dissemination.
  • Understanding MGE distribution is crucial for combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the distribution and characteristics of MGEs in Acinetobacter isolates from diverse sources.
  • To investigate the role of MGEs in the dissemination of ARGs within Acinetobacter species.

Main Methods:

  • Whole-genome sequencing of 38 Acinetobacter isolates from patient, environmental, and pig waste samples.
  • Analysis of MGEs, including plasmids, prophages, and genomic islands.
  • Correlation analysis between MGEs, defense systems, and ARG co-localization.

Main Results:

  • Pig waste isolates showed the highest mean plasmid count; environmental isolates had more prophages.
  • A positive correlation was found between plasmid numbers and defense system counts.
  • Multiple ARGs (up to 10) were found co-localized on single plasmids, including within pdif modules.
  • Genomic resistance islands (GRIs) were identified in non-baumannii Acinetobacter, expanding their known occurrence.

Conclusions:

  • MGEs, particularly plasmids, play a significant role in ARG dissemination in Acinetobacter.
  • The co-localization of multiple ARGs on MGEs enhances resistance potential.
  • The discovery of GRIs in new Acinetobacter species broadens our understanding of resistance mechanisms.