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Related Concept Videos

Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

141
Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
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Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

2.6K
Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Turnover Number and Catalytic Efficiency01:19

Turnover Number and Catalytic Efficiency

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The turnover number of an enzyme is the maximum number of substrate molecules it can transform per unit time. Turnover numbers for most enzymes range from 1 to 1000 molecules per second. Catalase has the known highest turnover number, capable of converting up to 2.8×106 molecules of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen per second. Lysozyme has the lowest known turnover number of half a molecule per second.
Chymotrypsin is a pancreatic enzyme that breaks down proteins during digestion....
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Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation01:28

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...
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Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production
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Dynamic Evolution of Catalyst Structure for Tuned Catalytic Performance in CO2 Hydrogenation.

Xiangze Du1,2, Yamei Fan1,2, Jun Fan1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.

JACS Au
|May 1, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Catalyst structures dynamically change during carbon dioxide (CO2) hydrogenation. Controlling these structural evolutions, like alloying and interface formation, optimizes catalyst performance for C1 conversion.

Keywords:
(de)alloyingCO2 hydrogenationDynamic evolutionoxide/metal interfaceoxide/oxide interfacephase transformationredispersion

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Area of Science:

  • Catalysis
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Dynamic structural evolution of catalysts is crucial for optimizing performance in reactions like CO2 hydrogenation.
  • The coexistence of oxidizing and reducing atmospheres during CO2 hydrogenation drives significant catalyst structural changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the dynamic structural evolution processes of catalysts during CO2 hydrogenation.
  • To demonstrate how controlling these evolutions can optimize catalytic performance and enable rational catalyst design for C1 conversion.

Main Methods:

  • Highlighting various evolution processes including alloying/dealloying, interface formation (metal-support and oxide-support), redispersion, and phase transformations.
  • Analyzing the influence of redox potential and microenvironment confinement on these dynamic structural changes.

Main Results:

  • Identified key dynamic structural evolution mechanisms: alloying/dealloying, oxide/metal and oxide/oxide interface formation, redispersion, and chemical phase transformations.
  • Demonstrated that controlling these evolutions, influenced by reaction atmosphere and confinement, modulates catalyst activity, selectivity, and stability.

Conclusions:

  • Dynamic structural evolution is a key factor in CO2 hydrogenation catalysis.
  • Controlling these evolutions offers a pathway for designing highly active and stable catalysts for C1 conversion using in situ synthesis methods.