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Gelatin-Based Head Phantoms: A Practical Guide for Artificial Brain Signal Research.

Elif Nur Selçuk1, Gökçenur Çakmak1,2, Mustafa Reşit Usal2

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey, sdu.edu.tr.

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Summary

Researchers developed realistic artificial head tissues that mimic human cranial electrical conductivity for biomedical device testing. This innovation enables safer, more ethical development of electroencephalography (EEG) devices by reducing the need for human subjects.

Keywords:
artificial brain waveelectroencephalographytissue mimicking phantoms

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Human subject involvement in biomedical device development poses ethical and practical challenges.
  • Electroencephalography (EEG) signals are variable and sensitive to movement and emotional states.
  • Accurate tissue-mimicking phantoms are crucial for developing reliable biomedical devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create phantoms that accurately mimic the electrical conductivity of human head tissues.
  • To develop a cost-effective and efficient method for fabricating head phantoms.

Main Methods:

  • Optimized phantom compositions using various materials like gelatin, reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and silver nanopowder.
  • Fabricated and characterized 116 rat head size phantoms (RHSPs) for electrical conductivity.
  • Developed a regression equation in Python to fabricate a human head phantom (HHP).

Main Results:

  • Successfully developed conductive polymer-based phantoms with electrical properties comparable to cranial tissues.
  • The fabricated human head phantom (HHP) demonstrated electrical conductivity consistent with human skull tissues.
  • Generated artificial EEG brain waves using the OpenBCI platform and conducted brain simulations with LORETA.

Conclusions:

  • The developed phantoms are suitable for electroencephalography (EEG) electrode and cap applications.
  • The study provides a framework for economical and efficient fabrication of single- and multilayer head phantoms.
  • This research facilitates safer and more ethical development of biomedical devices by reducing reliance on human subjects.