Advances in the study of juvenile hormone signaling

Juvenile hormone (JH) and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) synergistically regulate the timely onset of metamorphosis during insect metamorphosis. JH regulates multiple physiological processes during insect development via two distinct pathways: intracellular signaling and membrane signaling. Since the discovery of intracellular receptors in Drosophila melanogaster, the mechanism of JH intracellular signaling has been well understood, whereas the study of JH membrane signaling has been relatively slow. In recent years, with the optimization of phosphorylated protein detection technology and improvements in sensitivity, the study of JH membrane receptors and the molecular regulation of membrane signaling has made significant progress. In this paper, we provide an overview of JH intracellular and membrane signaling pathways, with a focus on JH membrane signaling, including induced physiological phenomena, potential membrane receptors, downstream phosphorylation cascades, and interactions between JH membrane signaling and hormone signaling.