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Seroprevalence of Common Viruses in Early Infancy in North Indian Children with Biliary Atresia

Anil Kumar Ram1, Ravi Prakash Kanojia2, Prema Menon2

  • 1Department of Immunopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Journal of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons
|May 1, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Viral infections are common in infants with biliary atresia (BA), with over 64% showing active infections. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) was the most frequent, indicating a significant link between viruses and BA.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The association between viral infections and biliary atresia (BA) is not well-established.
  • Limited research exists on the frequency and onset of viral infections in BA, particularly in India.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence of active viral infections in infants diagnosed with biliary atresia.
  • To identify specific viruses associated with BA and compare viral exposure between BA patients and controls.

Main Methods:

  • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used.
  • Tested 78 infants with BA and 35 age-matched controls for Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Rotavirus (RoV), and Reovirus (ReV).

Main Results:

  • Active infections were found in 64.1% of BA patients; CMV (40%), EBV (19%), RoV (25.6%), and ReV (29.5%).
  • Nearly all BA cases (98.7%) showed IgG antibodies to at least one virus, compared to 54.3% in controls (P < 0.0001).
  • Multiple active viral infections occurred in 28% of BA patients.

Conclusions:

  • A high rate of viral exposure and active infections is associated with biliary atresia.
  • These findings underscore the need for further investigation into the role of viral pathogens in BA pathogenesis.
Abstract

Keywords:
Biliary atresiaCytomegalovirusEpstein-Barr virusReovirusRotavirusviral infection

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