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Edge-Engineered Interfacial Carrier Dynamics for Efficient Photocatalytic Gold Recovery.

Yangzi Shangguan1, Xiaosong Gu1, Songhe Yang1

  • 1State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Soil Pollution Control and Safety, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|May 1, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel amino-functionalized graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4-NH2) for efficient photocatalytic gold recovery. This sustainable method achieves over 99.7% efficiency and high selectivity, offering a viable alternative to traditional metallurgy.

Keywords:
edge‐engineering strategygraphitic carbon nitrideinterfacial dynamicsphotocatalytic gold recoveryproton‐coupled electron transfer

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Growing global demand for precious metals necessitates sustainable recovery methods.
  • Conventional metallurgy poses significant environmental challenges.
  • Efficient and selective precious metal recovery is crucial for resource sustainability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel, highly efficient, and sustainable photocatalyst for gold recovery.
  • To investigate the mechanism behind the enhanced photocatalytic activity.
  • To validate the scalability and economic viability of the developed technology.

Main Methods:

  • Edge-engineering of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) with amino groups (g-C3N4-NH2).
  • Photocatalytic reduction of Au(III) using the engineered catalyst.
  • Characterization using multiscale analyses to understand carrier dynamics and reaction mechanisms.
  • Integration of the catalyst onto a polyurethane foam (PUF) matrix for pilot-scale testing in a continuous-flow photoreactor.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a record photocatalytic gold recovery capacity of 3819.3 mg g⁻¹ with >99.7% efficiency.
  • Demonstrated ultrahigh selectivity for gold recovery (Kd = 2.97×10⁷ mL g⁻¹).
  • Identified a proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) pathway driven by protonated amino groups (-NH3⁺) for efficient Au(III) reduction.
  • Pilot-scale system achieved 99% gold recovery from e-waste and ore leachates.
  • Techno-economic analysis projected a 2431.2% return on investment.

Conclusions:

  • The edge-engineered g-C3N4-NH2 catalyst offers a highly efficient, selective, and sustainable solution for gold recovery.
  • The developed photometallurgy approach is scalable and economically viable for industrial application.
  • This technology presents a paradigm shift towards solar-driven, environmentally friendly precious metal recovery.