Laser-induced polymer dynamics and applications

Polymers play a crucial role in modern industry owing to their design flexibility and ease of processing. Recent advancements in synthesis have spurred the development of functional polymers, such as organic semiconductors and tough hydrogels, which excel in various applications compared to rigid materials. The performance of polymer-based devices depends on chain structures across multiple length scales, highlighting the need for processing technologies that can finely tune structures and properties. Laser-induced dynamics present an exciting avenue for achieving these objectives by enabling selective activation of pathways that modify functional polymers. By controlling laser parameters, properties such as electrical conductivity and surface morphology can be precisely engineered, minimizing the need for entirely new materials for different applications. This approach streamlines production, lowers costs, and improves material properties even under ambient conditions, setting it apart from conventional microfabrication techniques. Our review discusses the latest advancements in the interaction of lasers with various polymers that can be modified or enhanced by laser irradiation, focusing on energy delivery mechanisms and their influence on polymer properties. We explore how laser-driven structural changes can enhance electrical, mechanical, and optical characteristics. Finally, we discuss future applications of laser processes and design considerations necessary to meet specific application requirements that conventional methods often struggle to fulfill.