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Updated: May 2, 2026

Clinical Imaging of Microwave Mammography

Clinical Imaging of Microwave Mammography

Published on: November 14, 2025

Interval Cancers after Negative Screening Contrast-enhanced Mammography.

Tali Amir¹, Carol H Lee¹, Sarah Eskreis-Winkler¹

¹Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065.

Radiology. Imaging Cancer

|May 1, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The interval cancer rate after contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) screening was 2.29 per 1000 exams. Most interval cancers were occult on prior CEM, with invasive types more common with marked background parenchymal enhancement.

Keywords:

Breast Interval Cancers Mammography

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Area of Science:

Radiology
Oncology
Medical Imaging

Background:

Screening mammography is crucial for early breast cancer detection.
Contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) offers improved visualization of breast lesions.
Understanding interval cancers (ICs) is vital for refining screening protocols.

Purpose of the Study:

To calculate the interval cancer rate (ICR) following negative screening CEM.
To compare characteristics of ICs with CEM screen-detected cancers.
To identify factors associated with interval cancers after CEM screening.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of screening CEM examinations (January 2015 - December 2021).
Identification of interval cancers diagnosed within one year of negative CEM.
Radiologist review of prior CEMs to classify ICs (missed, misinterpreted, occult).

Main Results:

Overall ICR was 2.29 per 1000 examinations; 13% of all diagnosed cancers were ICs.
Invasive ICs were more frequent with moderate/marked background parenchymal enhancement (75% vs. 30%).
Most ICs (71%) were occult on prior screening CEM examinations.

Conclusions:

The ICR after CEM screening is 2.29 per 1000 examinations.
A significant proportion of interval cancers are occult on prior CEM.
Background parenchymal enhancement is associated with invasive interval cancers.