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Related Concept Videos

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On the Spectrum: High-Functioning Autism and Its Contemporary Relevance.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) reconceptualized autism, increasing prevalence. Adults with autism spectrum disorder often struggle with social and occupational functioning, necessitating comprehensive care.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Psychiatry
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The DSM-5 revision in 2013 expanded the definition of autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
  • This reconceptualization led to a near doubling of ASD prevalence in the United States.
  • Asperger disorder, now part of ASD, is frequently diagnosed in adulthood due to subtle presentation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the diagnostic shift and increased prevalence of autism spectrum disorder post-DSM-5.
  • To describe the characteristics and challenges faced by adults with undiagnosed autism spectrum disorder.
  • To inform nonpsychiatric providers about recognizing and managing ASD comorbidities in adults.

Main Methods:

  • Review of diagnostic criteria changes in DSM-5.
  • Analysis of prevalence data shifts following DSM-5 publication.
  • Discussion of clinical manifestations and management strategies for adult ASD.

Main Results:

  • Autism spectrum disorder prevalence increased to over 2% of the US population.
  • Adults with high-functioning autism often present with social and occupational difficulties.
  • Comorbid psychiatric and physical conditions are common in adults with ASD.

Conclusions:

  • Adult diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder is increasingly recognized, often presenting with social and employment challenges.
  • Addressing comorbidities and providing targeted support services are crucial for mitigating suffering and enhancing function in adults with ASD.
  • Interdisciplinary care, including referrals for employment support, occupational therapy, and psychotherapy, can improve outcomes for adults with autism spectrum disorder.