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Skin Cancer

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...

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Updated: May 3, 2026

Combining Reflectance Confocal Microscopy with Optical Coherence Tomography for Noninvasive Diagnosis of Skin Cancers via Image Acquisition

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Beyond Routine Surveillance Imaging for Melanoma: Emerging Technologies for Detecting Early Recurrence and Guiding

Giselle de Souza Carvalho^1,2, Cicero Luiz Cunha de Sousa Martins^1,2,3, Kevin Wang⁴

¹Department of Medical Oncology, Rede Américas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book. American Society of Clinical Oncology. Annual Meeting

|May 1, 2026

Summary

New technologies like circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and CD8-targeted positron emission tomography (CD8 PET) show promise for melanoma surveillance. These tools may help detect recurrence earlier and guide treatment, improving patient outcomes.

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Immunology
Biomarker Discovery

Background:

Melanoma recurrence risk is highest in the first two years post-diagnosis.
Current surveillance relies on clinicopathologic risk stratification and physical exams.
Intensive imaging has not consistently shown survival benefits and can increase costs.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore emerging technologies for melanoma surveillance.
To evaluate the potential of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and CD8-targeted positron emission tomography (CD8 PET) in melanoma management.
To assess how these novel approaches can enhance precision surveillance and patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

Review of current and emerging technologies in melanoma surveillance.
Analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) as a biomarker for molecular residual disease and recurrence.
Evaluation of CD8-targeted positron emission tomography (CD8 PET) for visualizing T-cell dynamics and immune response.

Main Results:

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) shows promise in detecting molecular residual disease and predicting recurrence, with persistent positivity linked to poorer outcomes.
CD8 PET offers insights into immunotherapy response by visualizing T-cell dynamics but has limitations in tracer availability and cost.
Both ctDNA and CD8 PET represent advancements toward personalized melanoma surveillance.

Conclusions:

Emerging technologies like ctDNA and CD8 PET are reshaping melanoma surveillance and management.
Further prospective studies are needed to integrate these tools into clinical decision-making.
Optimizing the use of ctDNA and CD8 PET can lead to improved patient outcomes in melanoma care.