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Universal Persistent Brownian Motions in Confluent Tissues.

Alessandro Rizzi1, Sangwoo Kim1

  • 1École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Mechanical Engineering, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.

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Summary

Biological tissues exhibit complex dynamics driven by cellular forces. This study reveals that cell motion universally follows persistent Brownian dynamics, regardless of specific force generation mechanisms, aiding in understanding tissue behavior.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Biological tissues are active materials with nonequilibrium dynamics.
  • Cellular force generation mechanisms, including traction forces and junctional tension fluctuations, drive tissue dynamics.
  • Understanding these forces is crucial for deciphering tissue behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the effects of traction forces and junctional tension fluctuations on confluent tissue dynamics.
  • To investigate the universal features and nonuniversal correlations in active tissue dynamics.
  • To establish a minimal framework for describing tissue dynamics and inferring dominant active forces.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a two-dimensional active foam model.
  • Compared distinct modes of cellular activity: traction forces and junctional tension fluctuations.
  • Analyzed cell shapes, rearrangement statistics, spatiotemporal correlations, and cellular motion.

Main Results:

  • Different active forces produced distinct cell shapes, rearrangement statistics, and fluid-state correlations.
  • Long-time cellular motion universally converged to persistent Brownian dynamics.
  • Correlations between cell geometry, rearrangement rate, and fluidity were nonuniversal and force-dependent.

Conclusions:

  • Persistent Brownian motion offers a minimal yet universal framework for describing active tissue dynamics.
  • Distinct active forces leave identifiable signatures in tissue structure and dynamics.
  • The study enables inference of dominant active forces in fluid-state tissues based on observed signatures.