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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Ultracold atomic gases

Background:

  • Two-dimensional attractive Fermi gases exhibit complex quantum phenomena.
  • Understanding fermion pairing and correlations is key to characterizing superfluids.
  • Mean-field theories like BCS theory provide a baseline but may miss crucial microscopic details.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To microscopically probe spatial charge and spin correlations in 2D attractive Fermi gases.
  • To observe fermion pairing and study correlation functions as interspin attraction varies.
  • To compare experimental findings with theoretical predictions, including BCS theory and quantum Monte Carlo calculations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized atom-resolved continuum quantum gas microscopy for in situ measurements.
  • Measured two- and three-point correlation functions.
  • Employed local single-pair losses to measure Tan's contact and characterize short-range pair correlations.

Main Results:

  • Directly observed fermion pairing and its evolution with increasing interspin attraction.
  • Revealed nonlocal anticorrelations in the pair correlation function, contradicting BCS theory.
  • Demonstrated the deficiency of BCS predictions even in weakly attractive regimes.
  • Established a relation between two- and three-point correlations, emphasizing the role of pair correlations.
  • Found excellent agreement between measured Tan's contact and numerical predictions.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a novel microscopic view of strongly correlated 2D Fermi gases.
  • Nonlocal correlations are fundamental and not captured by mean-field BCS theory.
  • Pair correlations play a dominant role in the behavior of these systems.