Impact of the late Syrian crisis on infectious diseases in Lebanon: a systematic review

To investigate the impact of the late Syrian refugee crisis on infectious disease prevalence in Lebanon, focusing on living conditions, healthcare strain, and disease transmission.

Systematic review.

A literature search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus from 2013 to 2024 to identify peer-reviewed English-language studies using keywords related to infectious diseases and the Syrian crisis. Inclusion criteria required peer-reviewed English studies on infectious diseases in Lebanon that reported outcomes in the context of the Syrian crisis. The review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, and findings were synthesized using a narrative approach.

Of the 211 articles identified, 22 met the criteria. The review demonstrated an increased burden of infectious diseases among Syrian refugees and the Lebanese population, including tuberculosis, measles, mumps, leishmaniasis, hepatitis A, cholera, scabies, human lice infestation, rabies, polio, echinococcosis, amebiasis, and salmonellosis. Overcrowded, and unsanitary living conditions, limited healthcare access, and economic constraints were frequently reported contributing factors.

Evidence suggests a higher burden of infectious diseases in Lebanon during the Syrian refugee influx. Comprehensive strategies are needed, including healthcare infrastructure strengthening, disease surveillance, targeted vaccinations, and healthcare access for all, including undocumented migrants. Sustainable public health interventions and international cooperation are essential to mitigate the impact on Lebanon's healthcare system.