Nanotechnology in skin cancer diagnosis

Skin is very sensitive organ for carcinogen and mutagens. Abnormal growth of skin cells leads to in skin cancer which is notable health concern globally. It can be divided into two types Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC). Prolonged exposure to UV sunlight and increasing pollution are major causes of skin cancer. A significant number of deaths are associated with this condition. Moreover, the cost related to its diagnosis and treatment is increasing day by day. Various optical technologies like wavelength-based imaging, Fluorescence microscopy (with confocal optics), optical coherence reflectometry, three-dimensional surface mapping, mole mapping, and multiphoton laser imaging are applied for skin lesion diagnosis. The accuracy of the diagnosis of cancer by each of those methods is still debatable. Conventional methods have certain major side effects which impart negative effects on patient health. early identification and treatment of skin cancer can notably improve patient outcomes. From last few years new techniques for diagnosis of skin cancer have gained increased attention. Among them, nanotechnology technology has offered newer molecular diagnostic tools and bio imaging tools that have revolutionized the concept of diagnosis of skin cancer. The integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms in diagnosis of skin cancer will give new and innovative detection in primary health care setting. Therefore, this chapter focuses on recent innovation with advance nanotechnology techniques for early skin cancer detection, highlighting their respective advantages and limitations.