Unravelling bacterial complexity at high resolution with single-cell transcriptomics.

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Genomics
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• Phenotypic heterogeneity is a fundamental characteristic of both bacterial and eukaryotic cells, stemming from intrinsic cell-to-cell variability.
• Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has significantly advanced the understanding of heterogeneity in eukaryotic systems.
• Bacterial scRNA-seq studies, though historically lagging, are now rapidly advancing due to technological progress.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advancements in bacterial single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) methodologies.
• To summarize key findings derived from the application of bacterial scRNA-seq.
• To discuss future challenges and standardization needs in the field.

Main Methods:

• High-resolution single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) applied to bacterial populations.
• Development and refinement of scRNA-seq techniques for microbial studies.
• Computational analysis of large-scale bacterial transcriptomic data.

Main Results:

• Bacterial scRNA-seq provides fundamental insights into physiological and metabolic heterogeneity.
• The technology illuminates mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and pathogenesis at the single-cell level.
• High-resolution analysis reveals complex interactions within microbial communities, including the microbiota.

Conclusions:

• Emerging bacterial scRNA-seq technologies are poised to revolutionize the study of microbial physiology and infection biology.
• Standardization of methods and computational approaches is crucial for future progress.
• This field holds immense potential for understanding bacterial behavior in diverse environments, from clinical infections to ecological niches.