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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Purification of Tubulin with Controlled Posttranslational Modifications and Isotypes from Limited Sources by Polymerization-Depolymerization Cycles
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Tubulin post-translational modifications are conserved during land plant evolution.

Alena Patnaik1,2, Sushama Mohanta1,2, Anish Dash1,2

  • 1School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, P.O. Jatni, Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India.

BMC Plant Biology
|May 1, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Tubulin post-translational modifications (PTMs) are present in early land plants and respond to environmental stress. Physcomitrium patens shows dynamic tubulin PTMs regulated by light, hormones, temperature, and calcium, aiding stress adaptation.

Keywords:
Physcomitrium patensCa2+GCaMP6f calcium sensorPost-translational modificationTubulintemperature

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Bryophytes represent the earliest land plants, potentially possessing cytoskeleton adaptations for terrestrial stress.
  • Microtubule dynamics are linked to plant stress responses.
  • Investigating tubulin post-translational modifications (PTMs) in early land plants like Physcomitrium patens is crucial for understanding stress adaptation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To confirm the occurrence of tubulin PTMs in the earliest land plant lineage.
  • To evaluate the impact of environmental factors (light, hormones, temperature, Ca2+) on tubulin PTMs.
  • To explore the role of tubulin PTMs in plant stress adaptation.

Main Methods:

  • In silico analysis of tubulin PTM-related enzymes in mosses.
  • Microscopy to detect modified tubulin proteins.
  • Quantification of tyrosinated, acetylated, and polyglutamylated α-tubulin under stress conditions.
  • Visualization of calcium dynamics using GCaMP6f in P. patens.

Main Results:

  • Key enzymes for tubulin PTMs are conserved in mosses.
  • Red and far-red light increase polyglutamylated tubulin in protonemal cells.
  • Auxin and cytokinin differentially affect tyrosinated and polyglutamylated tubulin.
  • Tubulin PTMs and intracellular Ca2+ flux respond to temperature, hormones, and exogenous Ca2+.

Conclusions:

  • Tubulin PTMs are unequivocally present in early land plants and likely contribute to stress adaptation.
  • Physcomitrium patens exhibits dynamic, differentially regulated tubulin PTMs in response to abiotic factors.
  • Findings are relevant for understanding plant responses to global warming, temperature stress, and improving agricultural practices.