Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur02:30

Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

5.5K
Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
A consequence of chirality is the need for enantiomeric resolution. While this is theoretically possible for all...
5.5K
Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers02:25

Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers

11.6K
Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...
11.6K
Prochirality02:05

Prochirality

4.0K
The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
4.0K
Naming Enantiomers02:21

Naming Enantiomers

18.9K
The naming of enantiomers employs the Cahn–Ingold–Prelog rules that involve assigning priorities to different substituent groups at a chiral center. Each enantiomer, being a distinct molecule, is assigned a unique name by the Cahn–Ingold–Prelog (CIP) rules, also called the R–S system. The prefix R- or S- attached to the chiral centers in an enantiomer is dependent on the spatial arrangement of the four substituents on the chiral center. The R–S system...
18.9K
Chirality02:25

Chirality

23.4K
Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
23.4K
Stereoisomerism02:52

Stereoisomerism

11.1K
Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...
11.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Tunable Broad Wavelength Emissions in Sn<sup>2+</sup>-Doped Zero-Dimensional All Inorganic K<sub>4</sub>CdCl<sub>6</sub> via Rb<sup>+</sup> Alloying.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

Enhancing Birefringence of Sulphates by Polarity Modification in Planar Cations.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

Solar-Driven Photocatalytic C─S Coupling for Organosulfur Synthesis Via Upcycling SO<sub>2</sub> and Plastic Waste.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Li<sub>3</sub>GaTe<sub>4</sub>O<sub>11</sub>: small ion-driven orientation of TeO<sub><i>n</i></sub> units in a tunnel-structured tellurite.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2026
Same author

Cation-Dominated Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Response Enabled by π-Conjugated Guanidinium Derivatives.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Achieving Antithermal Quenching Orange Photoluminescence in Sb<sup>3+</sup>-Doped CsCd<sub>5</sub>Cl<sub>11</sub> All-Inorganic Halides.

Inorganic chemistry·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Synthesis of Nine-atom Deltahedral Zintl Ions of Germanium and their Functionalization with Organic Groups
08:15

Synthesis of Nine-atom Deltahedral Zintl Ions of Germanium and their Functionalization with Organic Groups

Published on: February 11, 2012

13.5K

Chiral (R/S-MPz)Ge4I10 With Unique 2D [Ge4I10] Layered Structure and Large Chirality-Induced Nonlinear Optical

Huige Chen1,2, Pifu Gong1, Siyi Han3

  • 1Functional Crystals Lab, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|May 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed new chiral germanium-based hybrid metal halides for nonlinear optical (NLO) applications. These materials show a significantly enhanced second-harmonic effect, offering a new design strategy for advanced NLO materials.

Keywords:
Ge‐based metal halidechiralitynonlinear opticsorganic–inorganic hybrid

More Related Videos

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
06:35

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

Published on: February 15, 2016

7.5K
Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Potential of VSFG Microscopy in Studying Mesoscopically Heterogeneous Self-Assembled Structures
08:49

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Potential of VSFG Microscopy in Studying Mesoscopically Heterogeneous Self-Assembled Structures

Published on: December 1, 2023

2.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 4, 2026

Synthesis of Nine-atom Deltahedral Zintl Ions of Germanium and their Functionalization with Organic Groups
08:15

Synthesis of Nine-atom Deltahedral Zintl Ions of Germanium and their Functionalization with Organic Groups

Published on: February 11, 2012

13.5K
Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
06:35

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

Published on: February 15, 2016

7.5K
Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Potential of VSFG Microscopy in Studying Mesoscopically Heterogeneous Self-Assembled Structures
08:49

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Potential of VSFG Microscopy in Studying Mesoscopically Heterogeneous Self-Assembled Structures

Published on: December 1, 2023

2.1K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Chemistry
  • Optoelectronics

Background:

  • Chiral organic-inorganic hybrid metal halides (OIMHs) are promising for nonlinear optical (NLO) applications due to their non-centrosymmetric structures.
  • The precise mechanism by which chirality influences NLO effects in OIMHs is not fully understood.
  • Developing novel chiral materials with enhanced NLO properties is crucial for technological advancement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel Ge-based chiral OIMHs.
  • To investigate the structure-property relationships governing NLO effects in these materials.
  • To elucidate the role of chirality in enhancing NLO performance.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of a new pair of Ge-based chiral OIMHs, (R/S-MPz)Ge4I10.
  • Structural characterization revealing unique 2D [Ge4I10]2- layers.
  • First-principles calculations to understand the NLO mechanism.

Main Results:

  • The synthesized (R/S-MPz)Ge4I10 exhibits a second-harmonic effect approximately five times greater than KDP.
  • This represents the highest NLO performance reported for chiral Ge-based OIMHs.
  • First-principles calculations identified the chiral-induced [Ge4I10]2- layer as key to the enhanced NLO effect.
  • Further optimization achieved a gain of ~15x KDP.

Conclusions:

  • A new class of Ge-based chiral OIMHs with exceptional NLO properties has been developed.
  • The study clarifies the crucial role of the chiral motif and the unique [Ge4I10]2- layer in dictating NLO performance.
  • This work provides a rational design strategy for future chiral NLO materials.