Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Depressive Disorders: Etiology01:27

Depressive Disorders: Etiology

884
Depressive disorders result from a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, each contributing uniquely to the development and persistence of the condition. Understanding these factors provides critical insight into the multifaceted nature of depression.
Biological Factors in Depression
Biological predispositions significantly influence the risk of developing depressive disorders. Genetic studies highlight the role of variations in the serotonin transporter...
884
Long-term Depression01:05

Long-term Depression

27.3K
Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
27.3K
Long-term Depression01:03

Long-term Depression

2.6K
Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over...
2.6K
Bipolar Disorder01:30

Bipolar Disorder

1.4K
Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.
1.4K
Depression: Overview01:18

Depression: Overview

1.2K
Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...
1.2K
Personality Disorders: Paranoid and Schizoid01:22

Personality Disorders: Paranoid and Schizoid

1.2K
Personality disorders represent enduring cognition, affect, and behavior patterns that significantly deviate from societal norms. These maladaptive traits often lead to difficulties in various domains, including interpersonal relationships, occupational settings, and overall psychological well-being. Paranoid personality disorder and schizoid personality disorder are two distinct conditions marked by odd or eccentric behavior.
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Paranoid personality disorder is...
1.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Add-on tocilizumab versus placebo for resistant major depression in psychiatric outpatients with low-grade inflammation in a tertiary public hospital in Southern Brazil: randomised triple-blind clinical trial protocol.

BMJ open·2026
Same author

Predictors of mortality in severe mental illness inpatients: A 10-year prospective cohort study.

Journal of affective disorders·2026
Same author

Social support and life-threatening behavior in online psychotherapy patients: a possible "pulling-together effect" during COVID-19.

Psicologia, reflexao e critica : revista semestral do Departamento de Psicologia da UFRGS·2026
Same author

Longitudinal Investigation of Psychotherapy Outcomes (LIPO): What are the clinical and neurobiological changes in a 6-month follow-up?

Acta psychologica·2026
Same author

Impact of somatic comorbidities on mortality rates and clinical progression of unipolar depression: A 10-year prospective study with depressed inpatients.

Journal of psychosomatic research·2026
Same author

Age and resilience amid COVID-19 pandemic adversity: the mediating roles of quality of life, spirituality, and depressive symptoms.

Frontiers in psychology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Influence of Emotional Factors on the Efficacy of Acupuncture Treatment for Overweight Complicated with Hyperlipidemia: A Retrospective Cohort Study
03:05

Influence of Emotional Factors on the Efficacy of Acupuncture Treatment for Overweight Complicated with Hyperlipidemia: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Published on: November 21, 2025

741

Unipolar depressed inpatients without comorbid personality disorder exhibit elevated IL-6 levels at admission and a

Bruno Perosa Carniel1, Giulio Bertollo Alexandrino1, Luísa Monteiro Burin1

  • 1Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; I-QOL: Interventions and Innovations for Quality of Life Research Group, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Psychiatry Service, Center for Clinical and Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Psychoneuroendocrinology
|May 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Inflammation plays a role in unipolar depression (UD). Patients with UD, with or without personality disorders (PD), showed higher cytokine levels than healthy controls. UD patients without PD had higher IL-6 levels at admission.

Keywords:
CytokinesIL-6Personality disordersUnipolar depression

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Connection Between Sleep Disorders and Cognitive Symptoms in Depression
04:33

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Connection Between Sleep Disorders and Cognitive Symptoms in Depression

Published on: April 26, 2024

1.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 4, 2026

Influence of Emotional Factors on the Efficacy of Acupuncture Treatment for Overweight Complicated with Hyperlipidemia: A Retrospective Cohort Study
03:05

Influence of Emotional Factors on the Efficacy of Acupuncture Treatment for Overweight Complicated with Hyperlipidemia: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Published on: November 21, 2025

741
Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Connection Between Sleep Disorders and Cognitive Symptoms in Depression
04:33

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Connection Between Sleep Disorders and Cognitive Symptoms in Depression

Published on: April 26, 2024

1.8K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Unipolar depression (UD) affects many patients, with one-third not achieving remission.
  • Inflammation is increasingly implicated in UD pathogenesis.
  • No prior studies have compared cytokine levels in UD patients with and without comorbid personality disorders (PD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare cytokine levels (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17) among inpatients with UD, UD with comorbid PD, and healthy controls (HC).

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal study involving three groups: UD (n=53), UD+PD (n=31), and HC (n=100).
  • Cytokine levels were measured at admission and discharge.
  • Statistical analyses included one-way ANOVA, Bonferroni post hoc tests, and multiple linear regressions.

Main Results:

  • At admission, IL-6 and IL-17 were elevated in both UD and UD+PD groups versus HC. IL-10 was higher in the UD group versus HC.
  • IL-6 levels were higher in the UD group compared to the UD+PD group at admission.
  • At discharge, IL-6 and IL-17 remained elevated in both clinical groups versus HC. IL-6 levels decreased in the UD group by discharge.

Conclusions:

  • Both UD and UD+PD groups exhibited elevated cytokine levels compared to HC.
  • UD patients without PD showed higher IL-6 levels at admission than those with PD.
  • Findings suggest potential for biologically based treatments targeting inflammation in UD management.