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PANoptosis: an emerging programmed cell death pathway in neurological diseases mechanisms and therapeutic translation

Peiyun Tang1, Jing Zhao2, Liangke Tang2

  • 1Department of Radiology, Chengdu Eighth People's Hospital (Geriatric Hospital of Chengdu Medical College), Chengdu 610000 Sichuan Province, China.

Neuroscience
|May 2, 2026
PubMed

Insights

PANoptosis, a cell death pathway integrating pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis, is crucial in neurological disorders. Understanding the PANoptosome complex offers new therapeutic strategies for brain diseases.

Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology

Background:

  • PANoptosis is an emerging programmed cell death (PCD) pathway.
  • It integrates features of pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis.
  • Regulated by the PANoptosome complex, it impacts neurological disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Provide a comprehensive overview of PANoptosome composition and regulation.
  • Elucidate the immunoregulatory functions of PANoptosis.
  • Propose a refined framework for PANoptosis dynamics in neurological diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of bioinformatics and experimental evidence.
  • Review of PANoptosome composition and regulatory networks.
  • Analysis of spatiotemporal and cell-type-specific dynamics of PANoptosis.

Main Results:

  • PANoptosis plays a significant role in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, spinal cord injury, glioma, and neuroinflammation.
  • A functional transition from acute neuronal stress to chronic glial-mediated inflammation is highlighted.
  • Methodological standards for detection and translational feasibility are evaluated.

Conclusions:

  • PANoptosis is critical for clinical translation in neurological diseases.
  • Targeting PANoptosis offers potential therapeutic strategies.
  • This review provides a roadmap for future research in neurological disease therapeutics.
Keywords:
Cell deathCerebral ischemia–reperfusion injuryGliomaNeurological disordersPANoptosisTherapeutic targets

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