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Related Concept Videos

Biofuels01:25

Biofuels

107
The microbial conversion of organic matter into biofuels holds potential as a renewable energy source. Among biofuel sources, microalgae are recognized as a highly efficient and adaptable feedstock for biodiesel production, owing to their rapid biomass accumulation, elevated lipid productivity, and capacity to proliferate in diverse aquatic systems, including freshwater, marine, and wastewater habitats. Unlike terrestrial crops, microalgae do not compete for land and can achieve significantly...
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Green Algae01:21

Green Algae

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Green algae, also referred to as chlorophytes, are different from red algae in having the chloroplasts containing chlorophylls a and b, which give them their distinct green hue. However, they lack phycobiliproteins, preventing them from developing the red or blue-green pigmentation seen in red algae. In terms of photosynthetic pigment composition, green algae closely resemble plants and share a close evolutionary relationship with them. Taxonomically Green algae belong to Phylum Chlorophyta in...
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Environmental Applications of Microorganisms01:30

Environmental Applications of Microorganisms

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Microorganisms play a pivotal role in maintaining ecosystem balance by recycling essential elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, as well as supporting processes like bioremediation, wastewater treatment, and biofuel production.Microbes in Elemental CyclesIn the carbon cycle, microorganisms decompose organic matter, releasing carbon dioxide via aerobic respiration. This carbon dioxide is subsequently used by photosynthetic organisms to synthesize organic compounds, closing the...
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Microbial Bioremediation of Hydrocarbons01:26

Microbial Bioremediation of Hydrocarbons

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Bioremediation is an environmentally sustainable process that employs living organisms—primarily microorganisms—to degrade or neutralize pollutants from contaminated environments. In oil spills and hydrocarbon pollution, bioremediation involves the use of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria to transform toxic compounds into less harmful substances. This approach leverages natural microbial metabolic processes and is considered both cost-effective and ecologically favorable compared to...
150
Bioreactor Design and Operational System01:29

Bioreactor Design and Operational System

200
Bioreactors are engineered vessels designed to cultivate microorganisms under controlled conditions for industrial bioprocessing. They maintain sterility and allow precise regulation of pH, temperature, oxygen, and nutrient levels to optimize microbial growth and metabolite production. Bioreactors range from small laboratory units of 1 liter to industrial systems holding up to 500,000 liters, though only about 75% of their volume is actively used for fermentation. The remaining headspace...
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Freshwater Microbial Ecology01:24

Freshwater Microbial Ecology

58
Freshwater systems such as streams, rivers, and lakes exhibit distinct physical and biological characteristics that influence their microbial communities. These environments are broadly categorized into lotic systems—those with flowing waters like streams and most rivers—and lentic systems, which include still or slow-moving waters such as lakes, ponds, and marshes.In lentic systems, phytoplankton drive primary production, generating autochthonous organic carbon. In contrast, lotic...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Cultivation of Green Microalgae in Bubble Column Photobioreactors and an Assay for Neutral Lipids
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Marine microalgal biofuels: toward a systems-based circular biofactory.

Siran Feng1, Huu Hao Ngo1, Zhonghua Cai2

  • 1Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia.

Trends in Biotechnology
|May 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Marine microalgae show promise as sustainable biofuels but face systemic challenges. This review proposes a circular biofactory approach for integrated biorefineries to achieve industrial relevance.

Keywords:
circular bioeconomycircular biofactorydigitalisationlife-cycle assessmentmarine microalgaesystem-level integration

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Renewable Energy
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Marine microalgae are recognized for their potential as sustainable biofuel feedstocks due to halotolerance, high photosynthetic efficiency, and minimal land use.
  • Commercialization of marine microalgal biofuels is hindered by fragmented development across strain engineering, harvesting, conversion, and sustainability assessment.
  • Current challenges are systemic, not biological, necessitating an integrated approach to biorefining.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reframe marine microalgae as circular biofactories.
  • To advance a system-centric paradigm for integrated marine microalgal biorefineries.
  • To provide a roadmap for translating marine microalgal biofuels from laboratory to industrial scale.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesizing recent advances in metabolic and genetic engineering for microalgae.
  • Reviewing low-energy harvesting techniques for microalgal biomass.
  • Analyzing thermochemical and biochemical conversion processes for biofuel production.
  • Discussing the role of artificial intelligence (AI) and digital twins in process optimization.
  • Exploring nutrient recycling, carbon utilization, and high-value coproduct strategies.

Main Results:

  • Cross-stage interdependencies significantly impact the overall performance of marine microalgal biorefineries.
  • Integration of AI, digital twins, nutrient recycling, carbon utilization, and coproducts can enable predictive optimization.
  • Techno-economic viability can be enhanced through integrated system design and advanced technologies.

Conclusions:

  • A system-centric paradigm is crucial for overcoming current barriers in marine microalgal biofuel production.
  • Viewing microalgae as circular biofactories supports integrated biorefinery development.
  • This integrated approach offers a viable pathway for industrial-scale marine microalgal biofuel production.