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Towards self-explaining spiral tunnels: road-prototype-based facility design and visual-perception fluid assessment.

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New self-explaining road designs improve spiral tunnel safety by optimizing environmental facilities. This framework enhances driver visual perception and reduces cognitive resistance for safer navigation.

Keywords:
Environmental semantic segmentationRoad prototype designSelf-explaining roadSpiral tunnelsVisual-perception fluid

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Area of Science:

  • Engineering
  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Transportation Science

Background:

  • Spiral tunnels present significant spatial cognitive challenges for drivers due to abrupt geometric changes.
  • Existing tunnel designs often fail to adequately address these driver perception issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a self-explaining-road-based framework for optimizing spiral tunnel environmental facilities.
  • To propose a visual-perception fluid (VPF) model for evaluating driver performance in spiral tunnels.

Main Methods:

  • System-level optimization of visual guidance, traffic signs, environment, and roadway using a road prototype design approach.
  • Development of a VPF model using semantic segmentation to compute information equivalence mass, flow velocity, cognitive resistance, and a composite VPF index.
  • Driving-simulator experiments with 12 scenarios and hierarchical paired permutation tests to evaluate design effects.

Main Results:

  • Prototype designs increased the composite VPF index by 4.6% compared to ordinary designs, with significant improvements in structural features (p < 0.05).
  • Prototype designs enhanced visual guidance facilities and roadway information, reducing cognitive resistance by 2.2% with good stability.
  • The VPF model demonstrated assessment capability for spiral tunnel designs.

Conclusions:

  • The self-explaining-road framework and VPF model effectively evaluate and improve driver visual perception in spiral tunnels.
  • Optimized prototype designs enhance driver cognition and reduce resistance, indicating improved safety.
  • Engineering efforts should focus on tunnel entrances and the salient design of visual guidance and traffic signs.