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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
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Parenteral drug delivery systems play a crucial role in modern therapeutics by enabling the direct administration of drugs into the systemic circulation, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract. These systems are particularly valuable for poorly absorbed oral medications that are unstable in the digestive environment or require rapid onset or sustained therapeutic levels. Delivery is achieved through intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous routes, each selected based on the drug's properties...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

A Comparative Study of Drug Delivery Methods Targeted to the Mouse Inner Ear: Bullostomy Versus Transtympanic Injection
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Intracochlear PLGA implants for simultaneous controlled release of multiple drugs.

P-K Nguyen1, C Olivier1, P Toulemonde1

  • 1Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1365, F-59000 Lille, France.

Journal of Controlled Release : Official Journal of the Controlled Release Society
|May 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Biodegradable implants deliver multiple drugs to the inner ear, overcoming the blood cochlear barrier. These poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) implants successfully released dexamethasone and lidocaine in vivo and in vitro.

Keywords:
CurcuminDexamethasoneIntracochlear implantLidocainePLGA

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Drug Delivery Systems
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • The blood cochlear barrier impedes effective drug delivery to the inner ear, a critical challenge for treating hearing loss and related disorders.
  • Current treatments lack targeted delivery, leading to systemic side effects and limited efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize miniaturized, biodegradable implants for simultaneous, controlled delivery of dexamethasone, lidocaine, and curcuminoids to the inner ear.
  • To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo drug release profiles and biocompatibility of these novel drug delivery systems.

Main Methods:

  • Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) implants (0.3 mm diameter) were fabricated using hot melt extrusion, incorporating dexamethasone, lidocaine, and curcuminoids.
  • Implants were characterized using DSC, X-ray diffraction, GPC, optical microscopy, and TGA. In vitro and in vivo (gerbil cochlea) drug release studies were conducted.
  • Local drug concentrations were monitored in vivo, and animal behavior and tissue responses were assessed for biocompatibility.

Main Results:

  • Implants demonstrated controlled, simultaneous release of dexamethasone and lidocaine in vitro, with lidocaine releasing faster than dexamethasone.
  • In vivo, drug release was accelerated, with complete dexamethasone release within 2 weeks, likely due to polymer degradation.
  • Curcuminoids showed limited release due to poor solubility but were visually observed to be released in vivo within 1-2 weeks. No adverse effects were observed in the animals.

Conclusions:

  • Miniaturized PLGA implants offer a promising strategy for targeted inner ear drug delivery, overcoming the blood cochlear barrier.
  • The implants facilitate simultaneous controlled release of multiple therapeutic agents, with potential applications in treating hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo.
  • Further research is warranted to optimize curcuminoid delivery and fully elucidate the long-term efficacy and safety of these implants.