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Updated: May 5, 2026

Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating
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Vortex beam with a high topological charge generated using a partially coherent X-ray.

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    Partially coherent X-ray vortex beams can be generated even with low source coherence. Photon flux, not source coherence, determines the generation of high topological charge X-ray vortex beams.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • X-ray Science
    • Coherence Theory

    Background:

    • Partially coherent beams present unique propagation characteristics.
    • X-ray vortex beams offer potential for advanced applications.
    • Generating high-topological-charge vortex beams is challenging.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • Investigate generation and propagation of partially coherent X-ray vortex beams.
    • Explore the role of source coherence and photon flux.
    • Analyze coherence singularities during propagation.

    Main Methods:

    • Numerical simulations using the four-dimensional mutual coherence function.
    • Experimental generation and observation of X-ray vortex beams.
    • Utilizing one-dimensional fork-shaped gratings with high topological defects.

    Main Results:

    • Successful generation of X-ray vortex beams under low-coherence conditions.
    • Observed 4th-order diffraction vortex at 200 eV with topological charge up to 160.
    • Photon flux identified as the key factor for high topological charge generation.
    • Fork-shaped gratings map input beam coherence singularities to output vortex arrays.

    Conclusions:

    • Partially coherent X-ray vortex beams can be effectively generated.
    • High photon flux enables the creation of high topological charge X-ray vortex beams.
    • Fork-shaped gratings are crucial for manipulating coherence properties and creating vortex arrays.