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A double-walled functionalized single-ended top-opened ultrathin microbubble resonator for highly sensitive CO2
Optics Express
|May 4, 2026
Summary
This study introduces a novel optical sensor for detecting carbon dioxide (CO2). The double-walled microbubble resonator offers high sensitivity and a low detection limit for accurate CO2 monitoring.
Area of Science:
- Photonics and Optical Sensing
- Materials Science and Engineering
- Environmental Monitoring Technologies
Background:
- Accurate and sensitive detection of carbon dioxide (CO2) is crucial for environmental monitoring and industrial process control.
- Existing CO2 sensing technologies often face limitations in sensitivity, response time, or cross-sensitivity to environmental factors.
- Development of compact, high-performance fiber-based optical sensors is an active area of research.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present a novel double-walled functionalized single-ended top-opened ultrathin microbubble resonator (DW-SO-UTMBR) for high-performance CO2 optical sensing.
- To investigate the sensing characteristics, including sensitivity, detection limit, and response time, of the developed DW-SO-UTMBR.
- To evaluate the sensor's cross-sensitivity to environmental temperature and humidity.
Main Methods:
- Fabrication of the DW-SO-UTMBR using silicon dioxide (SiO2) capillary glass and an improved arc discharge process.
- Functionalization of the microbubble resonator's inner and outer walls with polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) to enhance CO2 interaction.
- Excitation and analysis of the fundamental radial whispering gallery mode (WGM) for sensing measurements.
- Testing the sensor's performance under varying CO2 concentrations, temperature, and humidity levels.
Main Results:
- Achieved a high sensitivity of -1.09 pm/ppm for CO2 detection.
- Demonstrated a low detection limit of 16.5 ppm.
- Exhibited a response time of approximately 130 seconds.
- Showcased excellent low cross-sensitivity to environmental temperature and humidity variations.
Conclusions:
- The developed DW-SO-UTMBR is a compact and effective fiber-based optical sensor for high-performance CO2 detection.
- The unique structural design and functionalization contribute to the sensor's superior sensitivity and low detection limit.
- This sensor offers a promising solution for real-time and accurate CO2 monitoring in various applications.
