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High-resolution, High-speed, Three-dimensional Video Imaging with Digital Fringe Projection Techniques

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Phase-interval differential spatial coding for reliable fringe-order determination using a 3 + 1 pattern scheme.

Yusheng Jin, Kunpeng Yang, Jianjun Ding

|May 4, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel phase-interval differential spatial-coding method for 3D surface reconstruction using fringe projection profilometry (FPP). The technique ensures reliable fringe-order determination, even with object discontinuities, using only four patterns.

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Area of Science:

Optical Metrology
3D Imaging
Computer Vision

Background:

Dynamic fringe projection profilometry (FPP) requires accurate fringe-order determination for complex surfaces.
Existing methods struggle with objects exhibiting discontinuities and abrupt geometric variations.
Minimal pattern acquisition is crucial for real-time 3D measurement.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a robust framework for absolute-phase retrieval in FPP using a minimal number of projected patterns.
To enhance fringe-order determination reliability, especially for occluded or discontinuous object regions.
To improve the accuracy and robustness of 3D surface reconstruction in challenging scenarios.

Main Methods:

A 3+1 acquisition scheme combining three-step phase shifting with a single high-frequency coded pattern.
Phase-interval differential spatial-coding for absolute-phase retrieval.
Phase-staircase quantization and decoding within complementary wrapped-phase intervals.
Overlap-guided connected-domain fusion and iterative constraint propagation for error correction.

Main Results:

Reliable fringe-order recovery demonstrated even with locally missing data due to occlusion or depth discontinuities.
Accurate absolute-phase reconstruction achieved using only four projected patterns.
Outperformed existing two-frequency, phase-coding, and Gray-code methods in terms of reliability on edge-rich targets.

Conclusions:

The proposed phase-interval differential spatial-coding framework significantly improves the reliability of absolute-phase retrieval in FPP.
This method enables accurate 3D surface reconstruction of complex objects with minimal data acquisition.
The approach offers a robust solution for dynamic 3D profilometry applications facing discontinuities.