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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and X-ray Physics
    • Coherence Theory
    • Experimental Design Simulation

    Background:

    • Young's double-slit (YDS) fringe visibility measures spatial coherence but faces challenges in hard-X-ray experiments with compact sources due to the coherence-flux trade-off.
    • Spatial filtering in laboratory YDS setups is fundamentally limited by the need to balance source brilliance with achievable coherence.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and validate an end-to-end simulation framework for evaluating detector-level interference patterns and feasibility metrics in hard-X-ray YDS experiments under partial coherence.
    • To quantitatively guide the selection of source filtering and propagation geometry for compact laboratory YDS measurements, considering realistic coherence and photon-statistics constraints.

    Main Methods:

    • Coupling SHADOW3 ray statistics with WOFRY wave-optics propagation for simulating YDS experiments.
    • Defining partial coherence at the pinhole plane via a discretized angular spectrum and propagating it through Fresnel and Fraunhofer operators.
    • Evaluating Michelson visibility (V), detector photon counts (N_det), a figure of merit (FOM = V^2 * N_det), and a longitudinal coherence wash-out metric (LC_ratio) across parameter sweeps.

    Main Results:

    • The simulation framework reveals two distinct operating regimes: visibility-limited for larger sources and throughput-limited for smaller sources.
    • Performance in the throughput-limited regime improves monotonically with photon acceptance.
    • The framework provides inverse-design maps and quantifies the impact of parameters like source size, distance, pinhole diameter, and bandwidth on YDS experiment feasibility.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed simulation framework offers a quantitative guideline for optimizing compact laboratory YDS experiments by accounting for coherence-flux trade-offs and photon statistics.
    • The study highlights the importance of considering both global visibility and longitudinal coherence effects for accurate experimental design.
    • The framework enables the interpretation of design maps in experimentally meaningful units by anchoring photon statistics to a laboratory benchmark.