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Updated: May 5, 2026

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Sensitivity-improved microwave photonic fiber-ring temperature sensor with the self-Vernier effect.

Fei Xia, Lingge Gao, Qiang Liu

    Optics Express
    |May 4, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary

    A novel microwave photonic fiber-ring temperature sensor uses the self-Vernier effect to significantly boost sensitivity. This innovative design achieves a 15x improvement in temperature sensing accuracy without complex setups.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics
    • Optical Sensing
    • Interferometry

    Background:

    • Fiber-ring (FR) interferometers are used for sensing applications.
    • Microwave photonic (MWP) technology offers a method for signal processing in optical sensors.
    • Enhancing sensor sensitivity is crucial for precise measurements.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and demonstrate a highly sensitive microwave photonic fiber-ring temperature sensor.
    • To leverage the self-Vernier effect for enhanced sensitivity in temperature sensing.
    • To simplify the sensor design by avoiding dual interferometers and precise optical path difference (OPD) control.

    Main Methods:

    • A fiber-ring interferometer was combined with a delay fiber to generate the Vernier effect.
    • The Vernier effect was achieved by superimposing the interferometer's spectrum with its time-delayed version.

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  • Microwave photonic technology converted temperature-induced spectrum shifts into frequency shifts.

    • Main Results:

    • The proposed sensor demonstrated enhanced sensitivity due to the self-Vernier effect.
    • The experimental sensitivity reached -392.317 kHz/℃.
    • This represents an approximate 15-fold increase in sensitivity compared to sensors without the self-Vernier effect.

    Conclusions:

    • A simple and highly sensitive microwave photonic fiber-ring temperature sensor was successfully demonstrated.
    • The self-Vernier effect significantly amplifies temperature-induced frequency shifts, enhancing sensor performance.
    • The proposed method offers a practical approach for developing advanced optical temperature sensors.