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Applications of RC Circuits

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A relaxation oscillator is one of the applications of RC circuits. A neon lamp relaxation oscillator comprises a capacitor, a resistor, a voltage source, and a lamp. The lamp acts like an open circuit, with infinite resistance until the potential difference across the lamp reaches a specific voltage. At that voltage, the lamp acts like a short circuit with zero resistance, and the capacitor discharges through the lamp, thus producing light. Once the capacitor is fully discharged through the...

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Updated: May 5, 2026

The Frequency Domain Thermoreflectance Technique for Thermal Property Measurements

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Published on: December 5, 2025

Water-based thermally controlled multifunctional switchable frequency selective rasorber.

Jianhe Wang, Jianxing Li, Sifan Wu

|May 4, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A novel switchable frequency selective rasorber (FSR) uses water-based thermal control for tunable absorption and cooling. This multifunctional device offers cost-effective thermal management for advanced communication and detection systems.

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Area of Science:

Electromagnetic compatibility and microwave engineering.
Materials science and nanotechnology.
Thermal management systems.

Background:

Traditional frequency selective rasorbers (FSRs) often lack integrated thermal management and reconfigurability.
Achieving multifunctional performance in electromagnetic devices requires novel material integration and control mechanisms.
Existing solutions may not meet the thermal stability demands of complex operational environments.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and demonstrate a multifunctional switchable FSR with active water-based thermal control.
To leverage the unique properties of water for enhanced functional integration and performance tuning.
To investigate the device's performance in both transmission and absorption-attenuation modes, alongside its thermal management capabilities.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a water-filled chamber absorber using 3D printing and a bandpass frequency selective surface (FSS) using PCB technology.
Integration of micropumps and thermal control devices for water management and temperature regulation.
Experimental validation of switchable FSR modes, insertion loss, attenuation, absorption rates, and cooling efficiency.

Main Results:

The FSR achieved a -3 dB bandwidth of 10.3-11.6 GHz with low insertion loss (0.74 dB) in transmission mode.
In absorption-attenuation mode, in-band attenuation exceeded 5.0 dB, with >80% absorption in specific out-of-band ranges.
The device demonstrated rapid cooling (53.2°C to 32.3°C in 60s) and tunable absorption via temperature control.

Conclusions:

The proposed switchable FSR integrates electromagnetic performance with active thermal management.
Water-based materials and active control enable enhanced functionality, cost reduction, and thermal stability.
The design shows significant potential for applications in demanding communication and detection environments, particularly radomes.